/* =========================================
       DESIGN TOKENS — hassanosaid.com theme
       Light cream + warm orange palette
    ========================================= */
    :root {
      --bg:         #FAF8F4;
      --bg2:        #F3F0EA;
      --bg3:        #EDE9E1;
      --white:      #FFFFFF;
      --dark:       #1A1A17;
      --dark2:      #2D2D28;
      --text:       #3A3A35;
      --muted:      #7A7A72;
      --muted2:     #A8A8A0;
      --orange:     #E8824A;
      --orange2:    #C4652C;
      --orange-lt:  #FBF0E8;
      --orange-md:  #F5D5C0;
      --border:     rgba(26,26,23,0.08);
      --border2:    rgba(26,26,23,0.15);
      --serif:      'Playfair Display', Georgia, serif;
      --sans:       'DM Sans', system-ui, sans-serif;
      --radius:     14px;
      --radius-sm:  8px;
      --transition: 0.3s cubic-bezier(0.4,0,0.2,1);
      --shadow-sm:  0 2px 12px rgba(26,26,23,0.06);
      --shadow-md:  0 8px 32px rgba(26,26,23,0.10);
    }

    *, *::before, *::after { box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0; padding: 0; }
    html { scroll-behavior: smooth; }
    body {
      background: var(--bg);
      color: var(--text);
      font-family: var(--sans);
      font-weight: 300;
      line-height: 1.7;
      overflow-x: hidden;
    }
    a { color: inherit; text-decoration: none; transition: var(--transition); }
    img { max-width: 100%; display: block; }

    /* =========================================
       NAVBAR
    ========================================= */
    .navbar-main {
      position: fixed;
      top: 0; left: 0; right: 0;
      z-index: 1000;
      padding: 1.1rem 0;
      background: rgba(250,248,244,0.85);
      backdrop-filter: blur(16px);
      -webkit-backdrop-filter: blur(16px);
      border-bottom: 1px solid transparent;
      transition: var(--transition);
    }
    .navbar-main.scrolled {
      border-bottom-color: var(--border);
      box-shadow: var(--shadow-sm);
    }
    .nav-brand {
      font-family: var(--serif);
      font-size: 1.1rem;
      font-weight: 500;
      color: var(--dark);
      letter-spacing: -0.01em;
    }
    .nav-links { display: flex; gap: 2rem; align-items: center; }
    .nav-links a {
      font-size: 0.78rem;
      font-weight: 400;
      letter-spacing: 0.1em;
      text-transform: uppercase;
      color: var(--muted);
      transition: var(--transition);
    }
    .nav-links a:hover, .nav-links a.active { color: var(--dark); }
    .nav-links a.active { font-weight: 500; }
    .nav-cta {
      font-size: 0.78rem;
      font-weight: 500;
      letter-spacing: 0.06em;
      text-transform: uppercase;
      color: var(--white);
      background: var(--orange);
      padding: 0.45rem 1.1rem;
      border-radius: 100px;
      transition: var(--transition);
    }
    .nav-cta:hover { background: var(--orange2); color: var(--white); }
    .nav-toggler {
      display: none;
      background: none;
      border: 1px solid var(--border2);
      border-radius: 6px;
      padding: 0.35rem 0.55rem;
      color: var(--dark);
      cursor: pointer;
      font-size: 1.2rem;
    }

    /* Mobile menu */
    .mobile-menu {
      display: none;
      position: fixed;
      inset: 0;
      background: var(--white);
      z-index: 999;
      flex-direction: column;
      align-items: center;
      justify-content: center;
      gap: 2rem;
    }
    .mobile-menu.open { display: flex; }
    .mobile-menu a { font-family: var(--serif); font-size: 1.8rem; color: var(--dark); }
    .mobile-close {
      position: absolute;
      top: 1.5rem; right: 1.5rem;
      background: none; border: none;
      font-size: 1.5rem; color: var(--dark); cursor: pointer;
    }

    /* =========================================
       HERO / CASE HEADER
    ========================================= */
    .case-hero {
      padding-top: 7rem;
      padding-bottom: 4rem;
      background: var(--white);
      border-bottom: 1px solid var(--border);
      position: relative;
      overflow: hidden;
    }
    .case-hero::before {
      content: '';
      position: absolute;
      top: 0; right: 0;
      width: 50%;
      height: 100%;
      background: radial-gradient(ellipse at top right, rgba(232,130,74,0.07) 0%, transparent 70%);
      pointer-events: none;
    }

    .eyebrow {
      display: inline-flex;
      align-items: center;
      gap: 0.5rem;
      font-size: 0.7rem;
      font-weight: 500;
      letter-spacing: 0.16em;
      text-transform: uppercase;
      color: var(--orange);
      margin-bottom: 1.2rem;
    }
    .eyebrow::before {
      content: '';
      width: 20px; height: 1px;
      background: var(--orange);
    }

    .case-title {
      font-family: var(--serif);
      font-size: clamp(2rem, 4.5vw, 3.6rem);
      font-weight: 500;
      line-height: 1.12;
      letter-spacing: -0.02em;
      color: var(--dark);
      margin-bottom: 1.4rem;
    }
    .case-title em { font-style: italic; color: var(--orange); }

    .case-deck {
      font-size: 1rem;
      font-weight: 300;
      color: var(--muted);
      line-height: 1.8;
      max-width: 580px;
      border-left: 3px solid var(--orange);
      padding-left: 1.2rem;
      margin-bottom: 2rem;
    }

    /* Challenge box */
    .challenge-alert {
      background: var(--orange-lt);
      border: 1px solid var(--orange-md);
      border-left: 4px solid var(--orange);
      border-radius: var(--radius-sm);
      padding: 1rem 1.4rem;
      margin-bottom: 2rem;
    }
    .challenge-label {
      font-size: 0.68rem;
      font-weight: 600;
      letter-spacing: 0.14em;
      text-transform: uppercase;
      color: var(--orange2);
      margin-bottom: 0.3rem;
    }
    .challenge-text {
      font-size: 0.9rem;
      font-style: italic;
      color: var(--dark2);
      line-height: 1.65;
    }

    /* Meta bar */
    .meta-bar {
      display: flex;
      flex-wrap: wrap;
      gap: 0;
      border: 1px solid var(--border);
      border-radius: var(--radius);
      overflow: hidden;
      background: var(--white);
      box-shadow: var(--shadow-sm);
    }
    .meta-item {
      flex: 1;
      min-width: 100px;
      padding: 1rem 1.2rem;
      border-right: 1px solid var(--border);
    }
    .meta-item:last-child { border-right: none; }
    .meta-label {
      font-size: 0.65rem;
      font-weight: 600;
      letter-spacing: 0.14em;
      text-transform: uppercase;
      color: var(--muted2);
      margin-bottom: 0.3rem;
    }
    .meta-value {
      font-size: 0.85rem;
      font-weight: 500;
      color: var(--dark);
    }

    /* Stats row */
    .stats-row {
      display: grid;
      grid-template-columns: repeat(4, 1fr);
      gap: 0;
      border: 1px solid var(--border);
      border-radius: var(--radius);
      overflow: hidden;
      background: var(--bg2);
      margin-top: 1.5rem;
    }
    .stat-cell {
      padding: 1.4rem 1rem;
      text-align: center;
      border-right: 1px solid var(--border);
      background: var(--white);
    }
    .stat-cell:last-child { border-right: none; }
    .stat-num {
      font-family: var(--serif);
      font-size: 2rem;
      font-weight: 500;
      color: var(--orange);
      display: block;
      line-height: 1;
      margin-bottom: 0.35rem;
    }
    .stat-lbl {
      font-size: 0.72rem;
      color: var(--muted);
      line-height: 1.4;
    }

    /* =========================================
       ARTICLE BODY
    ========================================= */
    .article-body { padding: 4rem 0; }

    /* Section headers */
    .sec-header {
      display: flex;
      align-items: center;
      gap: 1rem;
      padding-bottom: 1rem;
      border-bottom: 1px solid var(--border);
      margin-bottom: 1.8rem;
    }
    .sec-num {
      font-family: var(--serif);
      font-size: 0.85rem;
      font-weight: 500;
      color: var(--orange);
      background: var(--orange-lt);
      padding: 0.2rem 0.6rem;
      border-radius: 100px;
      flex-shrink: 0;
    }
    .sec-title {
      font-family: var(--serif);
      font-size: 1.4rem;
      font-weight: 500;
      color: var(--dark);
      line-height: 1.2;
    }

    /* Body text */
    .body-p {
      font-size: 0.95rem;
      font-weight: 300;
      color: var(--text);
      line-height: 1.85;
      margin-bottom: 1.2rem;
    }
    .body-p strong { font-weight: 500; color: var(--dark); }
    .body-p:last-child { margin-bottom: 0; }

    /* Pull quote */
    .pull-quote {
      background: var(--orange-lt);
      border-left: 4px solid var(--orange);
      border-radius: 0 var(--radius-sm) var(--radius-sm) 0;
      padding: 1.4rem 1.8rem;
      margin: 2rem 0;
    }
    .pull-quote p {
      font-family: var(--serif);
      font-size: 1.05rem;
      font-style: italic;
      color: var(--dark2);
      line-height: 1.6;
      margin: 0;
    }

    /* Challenge cards */
    .challenge-card {
      display: flex;
      gap: 1rem;
      padding: 1.4rem;
      background: var(--white);
      border: 1px solid var(--border);
      border-radius: var(--radius);
      margin-bottom: 0.8rem;
      box-shadow: var(--shadow-sm);
      transition: var(--transition);
    }
    .challenge-card:hover { border-color: var(--orange-md); box-shadow: var(--shadow-md); }
    .ch-num {
      font-family: var(--serif);
      font-size: 1.2rem;
      font-weight: 500;
      color: var(--orange);
      min-width: 2rem;
      padding-top: 0.1rem;
    }
    .ch-title {
      font-size: 0.92rem;
      font-weight: 500;
      color: var(--dark);
      margin-bottom: 0.4rem;
    }
    .ch-body {
      font-size: 0.84rem;
      font-weight: 300;
      color: var(--muted);
      line-height: 1.7;
    }

    /* Phase grid */
    .phase-card {
      background: var(--white);
      border: 1px solid var(--border);
      border-radius: var(--radius);
      padding: 1.6rem;
      height: 100%;
      box-shadow: var(--shadow-sm);
      transition: var(--transition);
      position: relative;
      overflow: hidden;
    }
    .phase-card::before {
      content: '';
      position: absolute;
      top: 0; left: 0; right: 0;
      height: 3px;
      background: linear-gradient(90deg, var(--orange), var(--orange2));
    }
    .phase-card:hover { transform: translateY(-3px); box-shadow: var(--shadow-md); }
    .phase-tag {
      font-size: 0.68rem;
      font-weight: 600;
      letter-spacing: 0.14em;
      text-transform: uppercase;
      color: var(--orange);
      margin-bottom: 0.7rem;
    }
    .phase-title {
      font-family: var(--serif);
      font-size: 1rem;
      font-weight: 500;
      color: var(--dark);
      margin-bottom: 0.7rem;
      line-height: 1.3;
    }
    .phase-body {
      font-size: 0.83rem;
      font-weight: 300;
      color: var(--muted);
      line-height: 1.7;
    }

    /* Story block */
    .story-label {
      font-size: 0.68rem;
      font-weight: 600;
      letter-spacing: 0.14em;
      text-transform: uppercase;
      color: var(--muted2);
      margin-bottom: 0.8rem;
      display: flex;
      align-items: center;
      gap: 0.6rem;
    }
    .story-label::after { content: ''; flex: 1; height: 1px; background: var(--border); }
    .story-block {
      background: var(--white);
      border: 1px solid var(--border);
      border-radius: var(--radius);
      padding: 2rem;
      box-shadow: var(--shadow-sm);
      margin-bottom: 1.5rem;
    }
    .story-block .body-p { font-size: 0.9rem; }

    /* Tech stack */
    .tech-wrap {
      display: flex;
      flex-wrap: wrap;
      gap: 0.5rem;
      margin: 1.2rem 0;
    }
    .tech-pill {
      font-size: 0.72rem;
      font-weight: 500;
      letter-spacing: 0.06em;
      text-transform: uppercase;
      color: var(--orange2);
      background: var(--orange-lt);
      border: 1px solid var(--orange-md);
      padding: 0.3rem 0.8rem;
      border-radius: 100px;
    }

    /* Result cards */
    .result-card {
      background: var(--white);
      border: 1px solid var(--border);
      border-radius: var(--radius);
      padding: 1.4rem;
      height: 100%;
      box-shadow: var(--shadow-sm);
      transition: var(--transition);
    }
    .result-card:hover { border-color: var(--orange-md); }
    .result-label {
      font-size: 0.65rem;
      font-weight: 600;
      letter-spacing: 0.14em;
      text-transform: uppercase;
      color: var(--orange);
      margin-bottom: 0.5rem;
    }
    .result-title {
      font-family: var(--serif);
      font-size: 1rem;
      font-weight: 500;
      color: var(--dark);
      margin-bottom: 0.5rem;
    }
    .result-body {
      font-size: 0.82rem;
      font-weight: 300;
      color: var(--muted);
      line-height: 1.65;
      font-style: italic;
    }

    /* Lesson items */
    .lesson-item {
      display: flex;
      gap: 0.8rem;
      padding: 1rem 0;
      border-bottom: 1px solid var(--border);
    }
    .lesson-item:last-child { border-bottom: none; }
    .lesson-dash {
      font-family: var(--serif);
      font-size: 1rem;
      color: var(--orange);
      padding-top: 0.1rem;
      flex-shrink: 0;
    }
    .lesson-title {
      font-size: 0.9rem;
      font-weight: 500;
      color: var(--dark);
      margin-bottom: 0.3rem;
    }
    .lesson-body {
      font-size: 0.82rem;
      font-weight: 300;
      color: var(--muted);
      line-height: 1.65;
    }

    /* Conclusion box */
    .conclusion-box {
      background: var(--bg2);
      border: 1px solid var(--border);
      border-radius: var(--radius);
      padding: 2.2rem;
    }
    .conclusion-box .body-p { font-size: 0.92rem; }

    /* Section divider */
    .sec-divider {
      border: none;
      border-top: 1px solid var(--border);
      margin: 3.5rem 0;
    }

    /* Profile card */
    .profile-card {
      display: flex;
      align-items: center;
      gap: 1rem;
      padding: 1.2rem 1.5rem;
      background: var(--white);
      border: 1px solid var(--border);
      border-radius: var(--radius);
      box-shadow: var(--shadow-sm);
      margin-top: 2rem;
    }
    .profile-avatar {
      width: 48px; height: 48px;
      border-radius: 50%;
      background: var(--orange-lt);
      border: 2px solid var(--orange-md);
      display: flex;
      align-items: center;
      justify-content: center;
      font-family: var(--serif);
      font-size: 1rem;
      font-weight: 500;
      color: var(--orange);
      flex-shrink: 0;
    }
    .profile-name {
      font-size: 0.95rem;
      font-weight: 500;
      color: var(--dark);
      margin-bottom: 0.2rem;
    }
    .profile-role {
      font-size: 0.78rem;
      color: var(--muted);
    }

    /* Sticky TOC */
    .toc-card {
      background: var(--white);
      border: 1px solid var(--border);
      border-radius: var(--radius);
      padding: 1.4rem;
      position: sticky;
      top: 5rem;
      box-shadow: var(--shadow-sm);
    }
    .toc-title {
      font-size: 0.7rem;
      font-weight: 600;
      letter-spacing: 0.12em;
      text-transform: uppercase;
      color: var(--muted2);
      margin-bottom: 1rem;
      padding-bottom: 0.7rem;
      border-bottom: 1px solid var(--border);
    }
    .toc-link {
      display: flex;
      align-items: center;
      gap: 0.6rem;
      font-size: 0.82rem;
      color: var(--muted);
      padding: 0.4rem 0;
      border-bottom: 1px solid var(--border);
      transition: var(--transition);
    }
    .toc-link:last-child { border-bottom: none; }
    .toc-link:hover { color: var(--orange); }
    .toc-link.active { color: var(--orange); font-weight: 500; }
    .toc-num {
      font-size: 0.68rem;
      color: var(--orange);
      font-family: var(--serif);
      min-width: 1.2rem;
    }

    /* =========================================
       CTA STRIP
    ========================================= */
    .cta-strip {
      background: var(--dark);
      padding: 4rem 0;
      text-align: center;
    }
    .cta-strip-title {
      font-family: var(--serif);
      font-size: clamp(1.8rem, 4vw, 3rem);
      font-weight: 400;
      color: var(--white);
      margin-bottom: 0.8rem;
    }
    .cta-strip-title em { font-style: italic; color: var(--orange); }
    .cta-strip-sub {
      font-size: 0.9rem;
      color: rgba(255,255,255,0.6);
      max-width: 460px;
      margin: 0 auto 2rem;
      line-height: 1.75;
    }
    .btn-orange {
      display: inline-flex;
      align-items: center;
      gap: 0.5rem;
      font-size: 0.82rem;
      font-weight: 500;
      letter-spacing: 0.06em;
      text-transform: uppercase;
      color: var(--white);
      background: var(--orange);
      padding: 0.9rem 2rem;
      border-radius: 100px;
      transition: var(--transition);
      border: none;
    }
    .btn-orange:hover { background: var(--orange2); color: var(--white); transform: translateY(-2px); }
    .btn-outline-light-custom {
      display: inline-flex;
      align-items: center;
      gap: 0.5rem;
      font-size: 0.82rem;
      font-weight: 400;
      letter-spacing: 0.06em;
      text-transform: uppercase;
      color: rgba(255,255,255,0.7);
      border: 1px solid rgba(255,255,255,0.2);
      padding: 0.9rem 2rem;
      border-radius: 100px;
      transition: var(--transition);
    }
    .btn-outline-light-custom:hover { color: var(--white); border-color: rgba(255,255,255,0.5); }

    /* =========================================
       FOOTER
    ========================================= */
    footer {
      background: var(--bg2);
      border-top: 1px solid var(--border);
      padding: 3rem 0 2rem;
    }
    .footer-name {
      font-family: var(--serif);
      font-size: clamp(2.5rem, 7vw, 6rem);
      font-weight: 400;
      line-height: 0.9;
      letter-spacing: -0.03em;
      color: var(--dark);
    }
    .footer-name em { font-style: italic; color: var(--orange); }
    .footer-role {
      font-size: 0.72rem;
      letter-spacing: 0.1em;
      text-transform: uppercase;
      color: var(--muted);
      margin-top: 0.8rem;
    }
    .footer-nav { display: flex; flex-wrap: wrap; gap: 1.5rem; }
    .footer-nav a {
      font-size: 0.75rem;
      letter-spacing: 0.1em;
      text-transform: uppercase;
      color: var(--muted);
      transition: var(--transition);
    }
    .footer-nav a:hover { color: var(--orange); }
    .footer-bottom {
      font-size: 0.72rem;
      color: var(--muted2);
      margin-top: 2rem;
      padding-top: 1.5rem;
      border-top: 1px solid var(--border);
      text-align: center;
    }

    /* =========================================
       ANIMATIONS
    ========================================= */
    /* .fade-up {
      opacity: 0;
      transform: translateY(24px);
      transition: opacity 0.65s ease, transform 0.65s ease;
    }
    .fade-up.visible { opacity: 1; transform: translateY(0); }
    .fade-up-1 { transition-delay: 0.1s; }
    .fade-up-2 { transition-delay: 0.2s; }
    .fade-up-3 { transition-delay: 0.3s; }
    .fade-up-4 { transition-delay: 0.4s; } */

    /* =========================================
       RESPONSIVE
    ========================================= */
    @media (max-width: 991.98px) {
      .nav-links, .nav-cta { display: none; }
      .nav-toggler { display: block; }
      .toc-card { display: none; }
      .stats-row { grid-template-columns: repeat(2, 1fr); }
      .meta-item { min-width: 45%; }
    }
    @media (max-width: 767.98px) {
      .article-body { padding: 2.5rem 0; }
      .stats-row { grid-template-columns: repeat(2, 1fr); }
      .story-block { padding: 1.4rem; }
      .conclusion-box { padding: 1.5rem; }
      .cta-strip { padding: 3rem 0; }
      .meta-bar { flex-wrap: wrap; }
      .meta-item { min-width: 48%; border-bottom: 1px solid var(--border); }
    }
    @media (max-width: 575.98px) {
      .stats-row { grid-template-columns: repeat(2, 1fr); }
      .challenge-card { flex-direction: column; gap: 0.5rem; }
    }